The oxidation number of a monatomic ion equals the charge of the ion. For example, the oxidation number of Na + is +1; the oxidation number of N 3-is -3. Assign an oxidation number of -2 to oxygen (with exceptions). The chemistry of magnesium oxide, for example, is easy to understand if we assume that MgO contains Mg 2+ and O 2-ions. In almost all cases, oxygen atoms have oxidation numbers of -2. Monoatomic Ions Oxidation Numbers. The Role of Oxidation Numbers in Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. So a Mg 2+ (aq) ion has an oxidation number of +2, while a bromide ion, Br – is –1. Oxidation: Mg(s) → Mg 2+ (aq) + 2e – This pair of half-reactions can be balanced by ensuring that both have the same number of electrons. That means that O2 is Reduced and Mg is the cause naming it the Reducing agent. Assign each element its oxidation state to determine if any change states over the course of the reaction: The oxidation state of magnesium has increased from 0 to +2; the element has been oxidized. The oxidation number of fluorine is always –1. The oxidation number of … Name Symbol Oxidation number; hydrogen: H +1 +1: lithium: Li +1 +1: sodium: Na +1 +1: potassium: K +1 +1: rubidium Mg is Oxidized, and O2 is the cause of the oxidation, hence the Oxidizing agent. This is like the previous rule except that sometimes ions are together as a simple ionic compound (a salt). The sum of oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is 0. This means that O 2 (oxygen), Mg 2 (magnesium), Al (aluminum), He (helium), and S 8 (sulfur) have the oxidation number zero, because the oxidation state of the individual atoms wasn’t changed during the formation of the molecule. The oxidation number of any atom in its elemental form is 0. The atoms in He and N 2, for example, have oxidation numbers of 0. There are a few exceptions to this rule: When oxygen is in its elemental state (O 2), its oxidation number is 0, as is the case for all elemental atoms. The sum of the oxidation numbers in a monatomic ion is equal to the overall charge of that ion. The usual oxidation number of hydrogen is +1. $\ce{Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 +H2} \nonumber$ Solution. The oxidation number for a monatomic ion is equal to its charge. Oxidation Number: The number that is assigned to an element to indicate the loss or gain of electrons by an atom of that element is called as the oxidation number. But no compounds are 100% ionic. ; When oxygen is part of a peroxide, its oxidation number is -1. The oxidation state of hydrogen has decreased—hydrogen has been reduced. Mg(s) + Cl_2(g) rarr MgCl_2(s) The metal loses electrons, and in forming Mg^(2+) it loses 2 electrons and is oxidized: Mg(s) rarr Mg^(2+) + 2e^- (i) And on the other hand chlorine is reduced to chloride ion by accepting electrons: Cl_2(g) +2e^(-) rarr 2Cl^(-) (ii) And (i) + (ii)= Mg(s) + Cl_2(g) rarr MgCl_2(s) Both charge and mass are balanced, as required. 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